Perspectives on carbon materials as powerful catalysts in continuous anaerobic bioreactors

Supplementary data related to this article can be found at http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.06.004.The catalytic effect of commercial microporous activated carbon (AC) and macroporous carbon nanotubes (CNT) is investigated in reductive bioreactions in continuous high rate anaerobic reactors, using the azo dye Acid Orange 10 (AO10) as model compound as electron acceptor and a mixture of VFA as electron donor. Size and concentration of carbon materials (CM) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) are assessed. CM increased the biological reduction rate of AO10, resulting in significantly higher colour removal, as compared to the control reactors. The highest efficiency, 98%, was achieved with a CNT diameter (d) lower than 0.25 mm, at a CNT concentration of 0.12 g per g of volatile solids (VS), a HRT of 10 h and resulted in a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 85%. Reducing the HRT to 5 h, colour and COD removal in CM-mediated bioreactors were above 90% and 80%, respectively. In the control reactor, thought similar COD removal was achieved, AO10 decolourisation was just approximately 20%, demonstrating the ability of CM to significantly accelerate the reduction reactions in continuous bioreactors. AO10 reduction to the correspondent aromatic amines was proved by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Colour decrease in the reactor treating a real effluent with CNT was the double comparatively to the reactor operated without CNT. The presence of AC in the reactor did not affect the microbial diversity, as compared to the control reactor, evidencing that the efficient reduction of AO10 was mainly due to AC rather than attributed to changes in the composition of the microbial communities.This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01- 0145-FEDER-006684). Raquel Pereira had a fellowship (SFRH/BD/ 72388/2010) and Luciana Pereira has the fellowship (SFRH/BPD/ 110235/2015) from FCT. The authors thank the FCT exploratory EXPL/AAG-TEC/0898/2013 project

Structural And Physiological Changes In Seeds And Seedlings Of Copaifera Langsdorffii Desf. (leguminosae-caesalpinioideae) Submitted To Sodium Hypochlorite Treatment [alterações Estruturais E Fisiológicas Em Sementes De Copaifera Langsdorffii Desf.-leguminosae-caesalpinioideae Submetidas Ao Tratamento Com Hipoclorito De Sódio]

We determined the effect of Sodium Hypochlorite (NaClO) immersion on the seed coat, germination and establishment of seedlings of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (copaiba; diesel tree; kerosene tree; Langsdorf's copaifera). Cuticle removal of the seed coats treated with 2.5% NaClO was shown by Sudan IV staining and scanning electronic microscopy. Treatment with NaClO increased water uptake by the seeds during the early stages of imbibition. The cell walls of cotyledons stained with ferric chloride showed phenolic compounds with putative inhibitory proprieties upon germination. Immersion in NaClO was the treatment most favorable to seedling emergence (54%) when compared to mechanical scarification (2%) and untreated control seeds (14%). These results indicate that NaClO is an efficient option for large-scale seedling production, principally due to its antiseptic proprieties.3214552Almeida, S.P., Proença, C.E.B., Sano, S.M., Ribeiro, J.F., (1998) Cerrado: Espécies Vegetais Úteis, p. 464. , Planaltina: EMBRAPA-CPACAmaral, L.I., Pereira, M.F., Cortelazzo, A.L., Quebra de dormência em sementes de Bixa orellana (1995) Revista Brasileira De Fisiologia Vegetal, 7 (2), pp. 151-157Bewley, J.D., Black, M., (1994) Seeds: Physiology of Development and Germination, p. 445. , 2nd ed. New York: Plenum PressBewley, J.D., Seed Germination and Dormancy (1997) The Plant Cell, 9 (7), pp. 1055-1066Bezerra, A.M., Filho, S.M., Moreira, M.G., Moreira, F.J.C., Alves, T.T.L., Germinação e desenvolvimento de plântulas de copaíba em função do tamanho e da imersão da semente em ácido sulfúrico (2002) Revista Ciência Agronômica, 33 (2), pp. 79-84Borges, E.E.L., Borges, R.C.G., Candido, J.F., Gomes, J.M., Comparação de métodos de quebra de dormência em sementes de copaíba (1982) Revista Brasileira De Sementes, 4 (1), pp. 9-12Buckeridge, M.S., Rocha, D.C., Reid, J.S.G., Dietrich, S.M.C., Xyloglucan structure and post-germinative metabolism in seeds of Copaifera langsdorffii from savanna and forest populations (1992) Physiologia Plantarum, 86, pp. 145-151Castro, R.D., Bradford, K.J., Hilhorst, H.W.M., Embebição e reativação do metabolismo (2004) Germinação: Do Básico Ao Aplicado, pp. 149-162. , In: FERREIRA, A.G.BORGHETTI, F. (Ed.), Porto Alegre: ArtmedCrestana, C., Beltrati, C.M., Morfologia e anatomia das sementes de Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae) (1988) Naturalia, 13, pp. 45-54Dantas, B.F., Correia, J.S., Marinho, L.B., Aragão, C.A., Alterações bioquímicas durante a embebição de sementes de catingueira (Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul.) (2008) Revista Brasileira De Sementes, 30 (1), pp. 221-227Davide, A.C., Silva, C.S.J., Silva, E.A.A., Pinto, L.V.A., Faria, J.M.R., Estudos morfo-anatômicos, bioquímicos e fisiológicos durante a germinação de sementes de candeia (Eremanthus erythropappus) (DC.) MacLeish (2008) Revista Brasileira De Sementes, 30 (2), pp. 171-176Eira, M.S., Caldas, L., S. Seed dormancy and germination as concurrent processes (2000) Revista Brasileira De Fisiologia Vegetal, 12, pp. 85-104. , (Edição Especial)Garnczarska, M., Zalewski, T., Kempka, M., Water uptake and distribution in germinating lupine seeds studied by magnetic resonance imaging and NMR spectroscopy (2007) Physiologia Plantarum, 130, pp. 23-32Gunn, C.R., Seeds of leguminosae (1981) Advances In Legume Systematics, pp. 913-925. , In: POHILL, R.M.RAVEN, P.H. (Eds.), Richmond: Royal Botanic Gardens, KewJohansen, D.A., (1940) Plant Microtechnique, p. 523. , New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. IncLabouriau, L.G., (1983) A Germinação De Sementes, p. 174. , Washington: O.E.ALorenzi, H., (1992) Árvores Brasileiras: Manual De Identificação E Cultivo De Plantas Arbóreas Nativas Do Brasil, p. 352. , Nova Odessa: Instituto PlantarumMohamed-Yassen, Y., Barringer, S.A., Splittstoesser, E., Constanza, S., The role of seed coat in seed viability (1994) The Botanical Review, 60 (4), pp. 426-439Machado, J.W.B., Alencar, F.O.C.C., Rodrigues, M.G.P., (1992) Árvores De Brasília, p. 100. , Brasília, DF: GDFMelo, J.T., Silva, J.A., Torres, R.A.A.T., Silveira, C.E.S., Caldas, L.S., Coleta, propagação e desenvolvimento inicial de espécies nativas do Cerrado (1998) Cerrado: Ambiente E Flora, pp. 195-243. , In: SANO, S.M.ALMEIDA, S.P.(Ed.), Planaltina: EMBRAPA-CPACMoris, W.B., Monteiro, H.J., Duas cumarinas nas sementes de Copaifera langsdorffii Desf (1959) Anais Da Associação Brasileira De Química, 18 (3), pp. 181-182Noleto, L.G., Silveira, C.E.S., Micropropagação de copaíba: Propagação in vitro de Copaifera langsdorffii (2004) Biotecnologia Ciência E Desenvolvimento, 33 (2), pp. 109-120Pereira, R.S., Ranal, M., Dorneles, M.C., Santana, D.G., Borges, K.C.F., Carvalho, M.P., Emergência de plântulas de Copaifera langsdorffii Desf (2007) Revista Brasileira De Biociências, 5, pp. 1005-1007. , suplementoPolo, M., Paes, J.P.A., Compostos cumarínicos em sementes imaturas de copaíba vermelha (Copaifera langsdorffi Desf.) (1994) Revista Da Universidade De Alfenas, 1 (5), pp. 26-29Robards, A.W., An introduction to techniques for scanning electron microscopy of plant cells (1978) Electron Microscopy and Cytochemistry of Plant Cells, pp. 343-444. , In: HALL, J.L. (Ed.), New York: ElsevierRolston, M.P., Water impermeable seed dormancy (1978) The Botanical Review, 44 (3), pp. 365-396Santana, D.G., Ranal, M.A., (2004) Análise Da Germinação-um Enfoque Estatístico, p. 248. , Brasília, DF: Editora Universidade de BrasíliaSouza, F.H.D., Marcos-Filho, J., The seed coat as a modulator of seed-environment relationship in Fabaceae (2001) Revista Brasileira De Botânica, 24 (4), pp. 365-375Souza-Silva, J.C., Ribeiro, J.F., Fonseca, C.E.L., Antunes, N.B., Germinação de sementes e emergência de plântulas de espécies arbóreas e arbustivas que ocorrem em matas de galeria (2001) Cerrado: Caracterização E Recuperação De Matas De Galeria, pp. 379-422. , In: RIBEIRO, J.F.FONSECA, C.E.LSOUSA-SILVA, J.C. (Ed.), Planaltina: Embrapa CerradosValio, I.F.M., Effect of endogenous coumarin on the germination of seeds of Coumarouna odorata Aublet (1973) Journal of Experimental Botany, 24 (2), pp. 442-449Veiga Jr, V.F., Pinto, A.C., O gênero Copaifera L (2002) Química Nova, 25 (2), pp. 273-286Vieira, R.F., Silva, S.R., (2002) Estratégias Para Conservação E Manejo De Recursos Genéticos De Plantas Medicinais E Aromáticas: Resultados Da 1a Reunião Técnica, pp. 146-150. , Coord, Brasília: Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Characterization of activated carbons by FT-IR/PAS and TPD

Commercial carbon NORIT and carbon xerogel samples were modified in an oxidizing atmosphere (wet and dry oxidation) and than subjected to physico-chemical characteristic, including temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of CO and CO$_2$, and spectroscopic analysis. Surface changes due to oxidation procedure were monitored by FT-IR/PAS

The effect of nanotube surface oxidation on the electrical properties of multiwall carbon nanotube/poly(vinylidene ¿uoride) composites

Carbon nanotube/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (CNT/PVDF) composites were prepared using CNT with different oxidation and thermal treatments. The oxidation procedure leads to CNT with the most acidic characteristics that lower the degree of crystallinity of the polymer and contribute to a large increase of the dielectric constant. The surface treatments, in general, increase the percolation threshold and decrease conductivity. The surface treatments do not seem to affect CNT interactions and similar degrees of dispersion are achieved in all cases, as shown by the SEM results. The maximum value of the dielectric constant is ~630. It is demonstrated that the composite conductivity can be attributed to a hopping mechanism that is strongly affected by the surface treatment of the CNT.Peer Reviewe

Mandible Metastasis As The First Sign From Primary Adenocarcinoma Of The Lung

Adenocarcinoma of the lung that metastasizes to the mandible is very uncommon; only a few cases have been described in the English-language literature. This article presents a metastasis from adenocarcinoma of the lung affecting the mandible of a 64-year-old woman, in which the first discovered metastatic lesion was detected before the primary tumor. The immunoreactivity for human thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) in the oral lesion was essential for determining the site and type of the primary tumor, as the patient showed no clinical or radiographic evidence of a tumor in the thyroid gland. After the primary tumor in the lung was diagnosed, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were initiated; unfortunately, the patient died two months after the start of treatment. This article emphasizes the importance of a well-conducted examination for diagnosing metastatic oral lesions.553224227Zachariades, N., Neoplasms metastatic to the mouth, jaws and surrounding tissues (1989) J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 17, pp. 283-290Zachariades, N., Koumoura, F., Vairaktaris, E., Mezitis, M., Metastatic tumors to the jaws: A report of seven cases (1989) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 47, pp. 991-996Meyer, I., Shklar, G., Malignant tumors metastatic to the mouth and jaws (1965) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 20, pp. 350-362Ellis, G.L., Jensen, J.L., Reingold, I.M., Barr, R.J., Malignant neoplasms metastatic to gingivae (1977) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 44, pp. 238-245Hirshberg, A., Leibovich, P., Buchner, A., Metastases to the oral mucosa: Analysis of 157 cases (1993) J Oral Pathol Med, 22, pp. 385-390Ordonez, N.G., Value of thyroid transcription factor-1, E-cadherin, BG8, WT1, and CD44S immunostaining in distinguishing epithelial pleural mesothelioma from pulmonary and nonpulmonary adenocarcinoma (2000) Am J Surg Pathol, 24, pp. 598-606Solomon, M.P., Gormley, M., Jarrett, W., Rosen, Y., Metastatic lesions to the oral soft tissues (1975) J Oral Surg, 33, pp. 53-56Barr, C.E., Dym, H., Weingarten, L.A., Metastatic mucous-producing adenocarcinoma of thegingiva (1980) J Am Dent Assoc, 101, pp. 53-54Go, C.S., Farish, S.E., DeBoom, G.W., Lip paresthesia associated with a jaw mass (1990) J Am Dent Assoc, 121, pp. 662-663Kadokura, M., Yamamoto, S., Kataoka, D., Nonaka, M., Tanio, N., Kawada, T., Takaba, T., Pulmonary adenocarcinoma metastatic to the gingival (1999) Int J Clin Oncol, 4, p. 253Staalsen, N.H., Nielsen, J.S., Bronchogenic metastasis to the gingiva (1992) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 74, pp. 561-562Vieira, B.J., Aarestrup, F.M., da Fonseca, E.C., Dias, E.P., Bilateral gingival metastasis of lung adeocarcinoma: Report of a case (2001) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 59, pp. 1224-1225Hirshberg, A., Buchner, A., Metastatic tumors to the oral region (1995) An overview. Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol, 31 B, pp. 355-36

Effect of nanostructure on the supercapacitor performance of activated carbon xerogels obtained from hydrothermally carbonized glucose-graphene oxide hybrids

Activated carbon xerogels with a cellular morphology were obtained from hydrothermally carbonized glucose-graphene oxide (GO) hybrids and tested as supercapacitor electrodes. The effect of the chemical activation (using KOH) on the nanometer-scale morphology, local structure, porous texture and surface chemistry of the resulting carbon materials was investigated and correlated with their electrochemical behaviour. The electrochemical performance of the activated xerogels was studied in a three-electrode cell using 1 M H2SO4 as the electrolyte. The results underlined the relevant role played by the xerogel nanomorphology; more specifically, xerogels with cellular structures exhibiting well-connected, continuous and very thin (∼5–15 nm) carbon walls (prepared with lower amounts of activating agent) favored ionic diffusion and electronic conduction compared to materials with broken, thicker walls (obtained from higher amounts of activating agent). The effect of nanomorphology and local structure was also made apparent when the xerogels were used as actual supercapacitor electrodes. Particularly, a symmetric capacitor assembled from a carbon xerogel with very thin walls and relatively high graphitic character delivered a much higher specific capacitance than that of a commercial activated carbon (223 vs 153 F g−1 at 100 mA g−1) as well as a significantly improved retention of capacitance at high current densities.This work was financed by QREN, ON2, FCT and FEDER (Project NORTE-07-0124- FEDER-000015 and NORTE-07-0162-FEDER-000050), and co-financed by FCT and FEDER through COMPETE 2020 (Project UID/EQU/50020/2013 - POCI-01-0145- FEDER-006984). Partial funding of this work by the Spanish MINECO and the European Regional Development Fund (projects MAT2015-69844-R and MAT2012- 34011) is also gratefully acknowledged.Peer reviewe